Which types of structural framing systems and materials are most commonly used in the US for residences? For office buildings?
Residential framing is usually made out of wood, while office buildings are made out of steel. Office buildings typically need steel framing as they need to be more durable and often extend longer distances.
How do you think design coordination was done before we started using digital models?
I think design coordination was done on paper. I think serveral copies of the architectural design was printed and passed to the contractors and engineers. Then any changes that needed to be made were illustrated on the copy that was then passed back. Basically, I think it was done by sending paper copies back and forth. Using digital models cuts the time dramatically by allowing instant and simultaneous communication and changes.
At what point in the project development process should design coordination start?
It should begin during the ideation phase. The architect/designer should be in communication with the contractors and the engineers to avoid setbacks, impossible geometry, and other limitations. It will allow for smoother project development.