Which types of structural framing systems and materials are most commonly used in the US for residences? For office buildings?
What factors determine why these are the most used materials?
Wood framing is the predominant choice for constructing residential buildings. In this construction method, the frame of the home is painstakingly assembled piece by piece using dimensional lumber, a technique known as platform framing. Some builders may opt for Engineered Wood Products, which involve manufacturing materials by bonding wood particles, fibers, or veneers together with adhesives. In regions susceptible to hurricanes or earthquakes, steel framing is also employed to provide the additional structural strength necessary for added safety and resilience.
In the construction of office buildings, steel framing is frequently employed, especially in tall structures where it is essential for supporting substantial loads. Additionally, concrete framing is a popular selection for the construction of high-rise office buildings. Notably, reinforced concrete, for instance, provides the necessary structural integrity, fire resistance, and the capacity to span considerable distances.
Several factors influencing material selection include the building's type and height, relevant building codes, material availability, and sustainability considerations.
Why do different teams of designers and subcontractors link and share their models during the design process?
What are the advantages of linking models?
Are there any disadvantages to linking models?
Linking models establishes a collaborative platform for teams to share ideas and work together in real-time, enhancing their overall efficiency. Furthermore, it contributes to ensuring uniformity across various project facets. For instance, it allows architectural, structural, and MEP models to be interconnected, assuring their alignment. This approach also aids in the early detection and resolution of potential conflicts between different systems, such as ductwork conflicting with structural elements, thereby preventing expensive errors and rework in the construction phase.
However, there are still some drawbacks associated with linking models. When multiple individuals are working on the same project simultaneously, it can create coordination challenges, as the project may become inaccessible for modifications if someone has not synchronized it. It is also intricate to manage linked models.
At what point in the project development process should design coordination start?
Is it ever too early?
Initiating design coordination in the initial phases of design and planning would be beneficial. It is advisable to perform coordination at every stage of the project, including the 50% Schematic Design Phase, Schematic Design Phase, Design Development Phase, and Construction Documents Phase. Design coordination serves to avert expensive modifications and delays, fosters improved collaboration among design teams, and positively influences the project's overall success.