

Rotation Angle | Volume | Surface Area | Form Observation |
15° | High | Low | Minimal twist, stable form |
30° | High | Medium | Balanced twist and proportion |
45° | Medium | Medium | Dynamic appearance |
60° | Medium | High | Strong visual movement |
75° | Lower | High | Aggressive twisting geometry |
90° | Lowest | Very High | Extreme twist, least efficient |
The evaluation metrics were used to compare how different rotation angles affected the overall building form and performance. Metrics such as building volume, surface area, and overall geometric stability helped identify which angles created the most balanced and visually effective design.
Point to Ponder: Exporting the values to Excel makes it easier to organize, compare, and graph large sets of parametric data. It also allows designers to quickly identify trends, evaluate performance differences between iterations, and create clearer visual presentations of the results.
The design is a parametric twisting tower generated by stacking and rotating floor profiles vertically to create a dynamic high-rise form. Key parameters such as floor count, floor height, twist angle, and scale factor can be adjusted to flexibly control the tower’s height, amount of rotation, tapering, and overall building proportions.
The twist angle had the biggest effect on the building form because even small changes quickly changed the overall silhouette. The scale factor was also important because it controlled whether the tower looked straight, tapered, or more sculptural.
Test | Floor Count | Floor Height | Twist Angle | Scale Factor | Volume | Surface Area | Result |
1 | 8 | 12 | 0° | 1.0 | 85088.54748
| 14311.422284
| Straight tower, no twist |
2 | 8 | 12 | 1° | 1.0 | 85086.74824
| 14589.699424 | Very subtle twist |
3 | 8 | 12 | 2° | 1.0 | 85059.963512
| 15376.944173 | Clear but controlled twist |
4 | 8 | 12 | 4° | 1.0 | 84642.928711
| 18017.884174 | Stronger twist, still readable |
5 | 10 | 12 | 2° | 1.0 | 109368.811332
| 19192.025905 | Taller and balanced |
6 | 12 | 12 | 2° | 1.0 | 133677.657952
| 23007.107672 | Taller tower, smooth spiral |
7 | 10 | 10 | 2° | 1.0 | 91153.920944
| 16332.145293 | Shorter, denser stacking |
8 | 10 | 15 | 2° | 1.0 | 136655.90825
| 23478.81982 | Taller, more vertical spacing |
9 | 10 | 12 | 2° | 0.9 | 88588.737179
| 16865.920188 | Slight taper, more elegant |
10 | 10 | 12 | 2° | 0.8 | 69996.039253
| 14647.985144 | Strong taper, thinner top |
11 | 10 | 12 | 3° | 0.9 | 88488.406638
| 18007.100441 | Best overall: visible twist + taper |
12 | 10 | 12 | 5° | 0.9 | 87662.517731
| 21029.569447 | Dramatic twist, less practical |



